Philosophy
Whether human beings possess free will or simply a mode of acting dependent on forces beyond our control has been the subject of debate between philosophers, scientists, and theologians over the centuries. In essence, the two extremes of the discussion are free will and determinism, which opine that everything, including human action, is caused by...
Oberoi, S. S., Singh, A. N., & Chakraborty, D. (2025). Designing ethical AI systems: An exploration of deontological, virtue, utilitarian, and rights-based ethical frameworks. Journal of Global Information Management (JGIM), 33(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.4018/JGIM.388742 Introduction and Purpose of the Article The article Designing ethical AI systems: An exploration of deontological, virtue, utilitarian, and rights-based ethical frameworks addresses a...
Capital punishment (used interchangeably with death penalty in this paper) refers to the process of legally killing someone as a punishment for a crime they have been found guilty of by a court of law. Ideally, this punishment is reserved for serious crimes such as felony murder, aggravated murder, or contracted killing, but other crimes,...
Background In American history, Ralph Waldo Emerson remains a renowned man of letters. He established himself as a poet and emerged as an advocate of social reforms, a popular lecturer, and an essayist. Regarding nature and the attribute of transcendentalism, Emerson emerged as a leading figure in steering the perception that there exists a fundamental...
John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx presented different conceptions of an ideal society. They also defined liberty differently based on what they believed an ideal society should be. Mill’s and Marx’s philosophies both share the assumption that progress is possible in an ideal society. For Mill, progress is possible and provides the basis for advancement...
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Richardson, Robert D. Jr. Emerson: The Mind on Fire. Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1995 Self-reliance constitutes the focus on one’s resources and powers to achieve independence. In this article, Robert presents Emerson as a man characterized by an abiding genius for friendship, an affectionate father, a grief-stricken widower, and a young suitor. Whereas initial moments witnessed...
The ethical treatment of animals has long been a contentious issue in moral philosophy. One framework through which this debate can be considered is by the use of Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative, with particular reference to its first formulation, arguing that we act according only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same...
Existentialism is a philosophical approach that lays stress on the existence of an individual, freedom, and challenges related to the absurd nature of life. It challenges the meaning search in a world where there is no meaning, and how the individual is responsible for creating meaning, along with the suffering and certain death. In The...
Prompt A: Comparison of Parmenides’ “Esti Argument” and Descartes’ Cogito Argument Parmenides’ “esti argument” and Descartes’ cogito argument both emphasize the certainty of existence but approach it from different perspectives (Jowett, 2020). According to Parmenides, the only thing that exists is being, and there can be no non-being, since there is no way to think...
Liberty, one of the core concepts in philosophical and political thinking, is about the right of individuals to act or express themselves as they deem fit, an assertion that finds relevance in a free society, which should be one with free participation. This essay delves into the dual nature of liberty: its natural value, as...
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Robert Nozick gained popularity for designing the “Experience Machine thought experiment,” which later raised controversies related to some theories. The experiment demonstrates how a certain machine stimulates various experiences after people plug themselves into it. In this regard, pleasurable experiences would dominate people who plug themselves into the Experience Machine, which Nozick argues would be...
Nietzsche argues that Kant’s categorical imperative influenced him, and Kant changed his ways to God, Morality, and freedom. I think in this scenario, Nietzsche aims to free Kant and all human beings from their false view and consciousness about morality, a wrong view that morality is right for them. My opinion is that although morality is...
The problem of free will and determinism has been one of the most relevant debates in philosophy. Determinism is the idea that all events are the natural outcome of the previous eventualities, and humans make little choice. On the contrary, free will implies that people can significantly choose their actions. This conflict leads to the...
Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialist ethical thought that asserts that actions ought to maximize the amount of happiness and well-being for the greatest number of people. This seemingly straightforward principle has been used as a guide for moral decision-making for centuries, in fields such as healthcare, public policy, and social welfare. However, there is...
After reading the topic Resources, respond to the following, using only citations from the topic Resources: The Christian perspective on spirituality and ethics is deeply rooted in the Bible’s understanding of God and humankind. Spirituality in the Christian context is centered on the relationship between God and humans, exemplified by the Trinity: the Father, the...
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