Criminology
The recent past has seen a radical increase in imprisonment in the United States that has not only changed the nature of the justice system but also altered communities throughout the United States. The rate of individuals held in prisons and jails has become extremely high compared to what other countries can offer, and this...
Fulham, L., Blais, J., Rugge, T., and Schultheis, E.A., 2023. The effectiveness of restorative justice programs: A meta-analysis of recidivism and other relevant outcomes. Criminology & Criminal Justice. https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231215228 Fulham et al. (2023) conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the effectiveness of restorative justice (RJ) programs to reduce recidivism and improve outcomes regarding victim and client...
Police Discretion as a Source of Inequality in Society Police officers in the US have the freedom to make decisions using their judgment and experience when performing their duties. This discretion allows them to decide when to stop, search, arrest, detain, and even use their weapons on someone. The primary reason for introducing the discretion...
Arrigo, B., Sellers, B., Copes, H., & Paz, J. (2022). New Qualitative Methods and Critical Research Directions in Crime, Law, and Justice: Editors’ Introduction. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2022.2027484 In the article, Arrigo et al. (2022) discussed various fresh qualitative research paradigms in criminology and criminal justice, including psychological jurisprudence, queer theory, and...
The Broken Windows Theory has been a very potent aspect of policing in modern days that has influenced the idea of policing policy and community safety. Researchers are still attempting to cognize its strengths and weaknesses with interest in policing and police accountability. They are also trying to answer the questions raised with the racial...
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Violence and crime can substantially impact a community by causing physical harm and emotional distress. The physical harm caused by a violent crime like assault or homicide causes injury, death, and long-term health outcomes to the victims (Office for National Statistics, 2022). Such people usually need medical help, and in other situations, even long-term disability....
As a detective in the local metro police department, I was assigned, together with my partner, to a residential home where a mother had reported finding her teenage son dead in his bedroom. When entering the room, we noticed a huge amount of blood around the head of the victim and the traces of a...
1. In what ways have U.S. approaches to combating terrorism transformed since the September 11, 2001 attacks? Since the September 11 attacks, the United States has continually aligned its counterterrorism approach to address the current global threats. During the years immediately after 9/11, the government mostly used military intervention as a measure of countering groups...
The development of forensic science and technology has advanced evidence evaluation in the justice system, primarily in discovery, verification, and presentation. The use of digital forensic tools and mechanisms, such as DNA analyses, has bolstered forensic assistance in investigations despite concerns about validity and bias (Wienroth et al., 2022). As such, courts must uphold the...
There is a tendency to define the American criminal justice system as groundbreaking and one of the foundations of the democratic ideology, channeled to provide justice and equality of what the law can do. Nevertheless, as history tends to show, race and ethnicity have historically been significant determinants in the outcomes within the system. Since...
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Young gangs continue to be a common problem in American criminology and city studies. A youth gang is generally referred to as a cliquish group of youth or young adults that has a common identity and is involved in delinquent or criminal behavior. Within the city, these groups are disproportionately represented in violent crime, property...
The concept of socioeconomic status (SES) is crucial in explaining differences in behavior, as well as the distribution of opportunities and living conditions within a society. Income, education, and occupation are important dimensions of SES that impact one’s access to resources and quality of life. In a city where social classes intersect, an SES distinction...
Worldwide, some marriages and other multiple related romantic relationships have reported many incidences of intimate partner violence that has exposed many to suffering. It occurs as a result of aggressive behaviors, which usually vary in level of severity. Common acts of intimate partner violence include physical violence, sexual violence, psychological aggression, and stalking, among other...
José Rodolfo Villarreal-Hernandez, more commonly referred to as El Gato, was added to the FBI Ten Most Wanted list in 2020 because he allegedly participated in a murder-for-hire scheme that culminated in the death of Juan Jesús Guerrero Chapa, a Mexican attorney. Villarreal-Hernandez, who was a key member of the Beltrán-Leyva cartel, reportedly ordered and...
The community does not have an equal distribution of crime. Instead, the few neighbourhoods have higher violence, theft, and disorder than others. The imbalance causes a natural criminological issue of why most crimes are perpetrated in specific neighbourhoods over others. It is not an original debate between scholars and policymakers, and researchers have demonstrated that...
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