Annotated Bibliography: The Role of Al in Healthcare Systems

Alowais, S. A., Alghamdi, S. S., Alsuhebany, N., Alqahtani, T., Alshaya, A., Almohareb, S. N., Aldairem, A., Alrashed, M., Saleh, K. B., Badreldin, H. A., Yami, A., Harbi, S. A., & Albekairy, A. M. (2023). Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical practice. BMC Medical Education, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04698-z

In this article, Alowais et al. (2023) offer an extensive review of the role of artificial intelligence in healthcare, particularly in a clinical paradigm. The aim of this systematic review and synthesis of the literature is to explore the use of AI for different healthcare setups, as well as for diagnostic, therapeutic, and individualized patient engagement. In addition, the scope of this review is broad yet targeted to AI’s application in improving diagnostics in imaging, predictive analytics, and even robotic surgical procedures. This study is useful to my research topic, "The role of AI in healthcare systems," as it offers in-depth information on how AI can increase effectiveness, precision, and therapy outcomes in healthcare systems. Moreover, touches on the challenges and issues associated with the use of AI, such as legal and ethical concerns as well as the need for human healthcare workers. However, the study's database is limited to the published literature; thus, the study may not capture some real aspects of AI in healthcare, for example, data privacy issues or resistance from healthcare providers.

Nevertheless, the authors persuasively explain how AI could transform healthcare through the support of human decisions, customization of patients’ treatment, and organization of clinical processes. This corresponds well with my research topic, implying that fully implementing the use of AI in healthcare systems and interventions such as medical imaging diagnostic tools and home-based care could solve some of our healthcare problems. Also, the authors have raised critical ethical questions in the use of AI in the health sector, prompting my research to consider the social and legal requirements that would allow the use of AI in the management health systems effectively to ensure data privacy, algorithmic fairness, and maintain the human touch in healthcare.

Ramalingam, A., A. Karunamurthy, T. Amalraj Victoire, & B. Pavithra. (2023). Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Review of Current Applications and Future Possibilities. Quing International Journal of Innovative Research in Science and Engineering, 2(2), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.54368/qijirse.2.2.0005

In this article, Ramalingam et al. (2023) offer an insightful review of the current application of AI in healthcare systems, such as natural language processing, machine learning, and robotics. Besides, the study further goes ahead to predict what AI can do in the future, which differentiates it from the typical review of current research. The scope of the study covers various applications of AI, including diagnosis, treatment and prescriptions, drug development, and nurturing assistance, among others. Because of this present and future orientation, this study is very useful for my research topic as it not only explores the current role of AI but also the expected future. These applications can also be used to make important transformations in the healthcare system. For instance, their discussion on artificial intelligence-assisted remote monitoring could help formulate policies to improve home-based care for the elderly around the world. However, the speculative nature of their future projections, while exciting, necessitates cautious interpretation. Nonetheless, the authors make important contributions that AI can positively affect the availability of healthcare services, minimize human mistakes, and solve such global problems as pandemics. Thus, their conclusion about the potential of AI to transform healthcare aligns with the research topic on the role of AI in healthcare.

Furthermore, the study highlights some significant ethical and regulatory systems that may hamper the effective implementation of AI in healthcare. Ultimately, this study enlightens not only the qualitative nature of the possibility of improving the health system. As a result, it strengthens the belief that with the adoption of new technologies such as AI and human skills and with the right policies that consider the societal aspect of people and focus on the growth of health facilities, we have the right strategy for a bright future for health care.

Secinaro, S., Calandra, D., Secinaro, A., Muthurangu, V., & Biancone, P. (2021). The role of artificial intelligence in healthcare: a structured literature review. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01488-9

This article offers a detailed and interdisciplinary examination of the role of AI in healthcare. Secinaro et al. (2021) focus on developing viable artificial intelligence applications for health care. Despite their study focusing purely on structured literature, the authors consider AI's impacts across clinical and non-clinical areas of healthcare, which include administrative and financial services. Moreover, the research analyzes numerous studies that are published in academic databases and classifies the AI applications into diagnostics, treatment, and management domains. Given that the study covers a wider scope, the research is useful to my study topic as it demonstrates the range of AI applications beyond merely increasing the effectiveness of the facilities' treatment of patients. For instance, their discovery on how AI can be used in monitoring and predicting the overall performance of equipment in the health sector could be useful in making optimizing medical infrastructure in the facilities.

Nevertheless, this study overlooks innovations prompted by industries on account of its focus on academic sources. However, the authors offer meaningful analyses by defining tangible advantages of AI in healthcare, including accurate diagnosis, individualized treatment plans, and others, along with stating drawbacks, like data protection, potential algorithms’ bias, and the necessity to develop legal requirements. Additionally, this research proved useful in my research topic as it puts its focus on the cross-disciplinary nature of technologists, healthcare workers, policymakers, and ethicists in developing solutions to improve well-being using technology. Moreover, the specific aspect by which the authors describe potential AI’s contribution to addressing health inequalities further explains how AI is useful in achieving fair technology-enhanced healthcare. In conclusion, the study emphasizes one significant fact: even though the potentials of AI are revolutionary, the right application and integration of AI in health systems cannot be achieved easily without taking into account the ethical, legal, and societal concerns.